fischer



July 9, 1929. A. c. FISCHER GONSTRUCTTONAL MATERIAL Original Filed-Sept. 6, 192] [ZUQZZZK- aberi C lz5c/zer the bituminous mass to p p 60 therein and impart resillency thereto. One" Ju y 9, 1 929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

war 0, nscnsn, or cnreaeo, rumors, nssrenon T was rmmr caanr immu- IACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

CONSTBUCTIONAL MATERIAL.

Original 10. 1,581,670, dated July 6, 1928, Serial No. 498,863, filed September 8, 1921. Application reissue fled August 26, 1926. Serial 110. 131,798.

The present invention relates to construetional material of sponge-like cellular character; and particularly pertains to such art1cles as expansion joint, rail filler, and waterproof i protection course employed in paving construction.

F res 1, 2 and 3 represent apparatus used in three different methods of producm the material embodying the'invention; an

igures 4 and 5 represent, in transverse section, expansion joint material havlnga cellular interior and an impervious or solid ext-e rior. The cellular interior being abody of bituminous material and the impervious or solid exterior being a body of harder bitumi nous material than said'first mentioned bod- In other words, the harder bituminous b0 y reinforces the first named body and has a metration less than that of the -first named y-" Figure an impervious or solid '4 ortion of an expansion joint when in'place tween two paving blocks. a

a Figure 7 is a perspective view, partly in section, of an expansion joint for use-in he situation suggested in Figure 6.

6 'a method of proyiding Figure 8 illustrates the use of the member a0 shown in'Figure 7 as a molding or defining" partition against which plastic paving material canbe molded; and Figures 9 and 10 show two other applications-of thematerial of the-invention.= V j This invention is a continuation in part of my application Serial No. 335,170, filed'fNo vember 1, 1919, and relates to an asphaltic, or bituminous, sponge-like,cellular structure,the cells remainingmostly in an unbrokenstate.

4o The asphaltic or bituminousstructure may comprise sponge asphalt in which fibrous materialis incorporated to'r'eenforce the cells or it may oom'pris e dense as halt in which an air-pocketing" ingredient is incor orated to i provide; the cellafi Bjan" air-poc eting Kin; gredi'ent,' I mean any ingredient having pores.

or cells therein or. is capable of creating pores or cells in which air can retained within method relates to the treatment'of vegetable fibers so that the capillary action ma be in-. creased, the treatment comprising rst degumming the fibers and then saturating them skin upon thee'xposedmember adapted .ca'nlzation-so I dOij10t -wi'g the nature, body structure or chemical: gun.)

rovide air pockets shock, The heated air in the cells or pores at first expanded upon cooling, is condensed and, permrts'compression of the cellular mass 7 fto a more densebody'.

Fi .ure 1 illustrates a mass ofsuch material. t

spongellke mass under any suitable air trap- The joint may be formed into a cellular recting air thru the heated mass so the v bubbles accumulate against a'cold surface.

By chemical action under pressure, wherein various chem cals are compounded, using same cellular structure can be obtained. Bi-

carbonate of soda, Glaubers salts, sulphur,

lime and various; chemicals may be usedin varying proportions to accomplish the obj ect with a fibrous substance to strengthen it, suiti ably filled or charged with air cells, and while in this condition. suddenlychi'lled jorj'iinmersed cold water.

Another-method h which the air conditions maybe e ecte'd is to prepare a suba stance to increase its capillary action, and

then immerse the body in heated bituminous matter, and allowing the body to absorb and draw-the heated bituminous matter thru its structure, thereby forming a bituminous wall about its-numerous air pockets, and creatin asprongy cellular mass,'-readily compressed and of a resilient spongelike'character. V

- It is readily understood from the foregoing description. that. the bituminous'substance .used may. be chemically'treated, air blown,

fibrated and otherwise treated to secure toughness and rubbery consistency. .Ghem

ical treatment would naturally involve many chemicals used in the treatment. of rubber, sponge rubber andxitsfpreparation for vul- 'rtolbegliinitedto tents ofthe as h'altor otherbituminous mate- 'ber(C,,H,,),reclaimed rubber, sulphur chloride, zinc chloride, sulphur, and the like. Vegetable oils may also enter into such a structure if properly treated, especially for the manufacture of expansion joints. Earthy 70 bituminous material as the base or bulk-, the

matter is sometimes used to secure greater stiffness and check the inherent flow tendency and adhesiveness. B1 tuminous material, I mean a ituminous res1- due which has been treated and toughened by the air blowing process. By fibrated, I mean reenforced fibers which may be incorporated in a bituminous binder in arow or degummed condition to reenforce and toughen same.

This cellular structure differs greatly from that shown in previous inventions, in that the air pockets are closed and sealed.

Where solid bituminous matter has been used under pressure, for instance, the pressure upon it of adjoining paving sections incident to its use as a paving joint, there is an elongation or lengthening of the mass and an oozing out from the packed space, which conclusively shows that the body is notinherently compressible. Likewise with laminated joints where the felt has been saturated and squeezed between rollers, then laid together with a solid asphalt layer there is no inherent compressibility.

Where hemp, rope, and other packing materials are used they are immersed in a light waterproofing material or solidly saturated so no cellular structure exists, as herein described. Under pressure most of the joints ooze out of the crevice and lay overon the pavement, thus preventing the substance reentering the crevice.

By inherently compressible paving joint, Iv

mean one which can be compacted into a lesser space without elongation or displacement of lts contained bituminous matter or equivalent waterproofing and air pocketing ingredi is saved and movement of the joint ent. Sucha joint is caused to adhere to the faces of the opposing pavement slabs, and its expansion in response to contraction of the slabsis more real and rapid than is possible with a solid or boardlike structure.

Upon motion of the opposing slabs or impact, the cellular nature of the structure causes it to conform itself to the changed conditions, whereas a solid structure is sometimes lifted bodily from the crevice.

One of the advantages'of this joint is the fact that metal stakes can be driven through the joints very readily,-holding same in place until concrete is poured on either side, then later removed. This obviates the necessity of special'forms and side staking. The rigidity is produced by the staking and much labor prevented after it is once staked inposition.

The bituminous cellular material herein described should preferably be of a very stiff air blown bitreated with caustic soda, thus removing the gummy matter in the straw, flax or other vegetable fibre, thus increasing its capillary action.

My invention is further illustrated by referring to the accompanying drawings in cells can form d water supply for constantly supplying fresh cold water cwater overflow. Figure 1 illustrates the herein described cellular structure, Figure 2 illustrates how cells may be formed in toughened bituminous matter under pressure a representing the bituminous material, n the casing -f the air vent.

Figure 3 represents the heated material in a bubbling or foaming state, being ejected into a water bath for rapid cooling, a representing the heated material, the outlet pipe, c the water bath.

Figure 4: represents a cross-section of expansion joint formed. of a body of spongelike bituminous material h and a body of harder bituminous material than said first mentioned body forming a surface for said oint.

Figure 5 represents a similar construction, but in which the body of spongelike bituminous material is mixed with fibrous material and in which a heavier body of harder bituminous materialthan said first mentioned body is provided as at i to form a surface for said joint.

Figure 6 illustrates a section of sponge asphalt j being treated with a torch 7c to cause an imperforate skin and flow so as to seal the joint in the pavement L.

Figure 7 illustrates a strip of cellular asphalt for caulking purposes.

Figure 8 illustrates a section of sponge asshalt h staked with metal -pins m riven thru its cellular structure.

Figure 9 illustrates the herein described spongelike. asphalt laid adjacent to car rails for both deadening and expansion purposes.

Figure 10 illustrates asheet of the herein described spongelike bituminous matter, used as a waterproof cushion between the base course and an overlying brick course.

Referring more particularly to Figures 1 and 4 to 10, a represents asponge-like cellular body of asphaltic material, procured by one of the methods suggested in Figures 1, 2, and 3, or in some-other suitable method.

Figures 4""and 5 represent a cross section of an expansion joint, the body of which being of spongelike bituminous material .h and a harder bituminous material c'' than said firstjnentioned body forming a surface for the said joint. In Figure 5 the spongelike bi tuminous body h is mixed with fibrous material, and while both bodies of harder bituminous material in both figures are Solid the thickness of the same in Figure 5 is some- .What greater, and particularly at the crown of the joint.

' In the case of a matted, fibrous mass prepared so as to encourage capillary action the same may be enclosed in walls of harder bituminous material after being saturated to develop the cellular structure referred to.

This packing joint may be used as suggested in Figure 6, where e, e, represent two is of approximately square section,'in which form it will be particularly adapted for use for calking purposes. It may also be used as shown in Figure 8 as a moldin wall for concrete pavementsby driving sp' es mr through the joint until the plastic is poured on either side, after which the spikes can be withdrawn and'the holes filled up with liquid bituminous material. The bar -a of packing material is also adapted for use alongside of railwa rails, as suggested at -a:- in Figure 9, an it may also be used in the situation indicated by -a-- in Figure 10, as a waterproofing layer between a foundation beneath it and a course of building material laid above it.

I claim:

1. Bituminous construction material comprising a spongelike cellular structure, havmg fibrous material incorporated therewith for reinforcing the cells of said structure.

2. Construction material consisting of hituminous materiahthe' interior portion of which has a sponge-like cellular structure with fibrous material incorporated therein for reinforcing the cells of said structure, and

' the exterior comprising a solid wall enclosing said interior portion.

3. Construction'material consist-ing of bituminous material, the interior portion of which has a. sponge-like structure, and the exterior constitutes a solid wall enclosing said interior portion.

' 4. Construction material comprising a spongelike cellular body of bituminous material with solid enveloping walls, and sustaining spikes driven through the same and sustaining it in position to serve as a molding wall.

5 Bituminous construction material comprising a body of bituminous material having cells provided therein, earthy material mixed with the bituminous material to prevent adhesion of the'cell walls, and fibrous material incorporated therein for reenforcing the body.

6. In an expansion joint, a body of bitumi- V nous material of sponge-like, cellular struc ture, earthy material mixed with the bituminous materialto prevent adhesion of the cell walls, and fibrous material incorporated "therein for reenforcing the body.

7. Preformed construction units comprising a homogeneous composition of bituminous compound, an air-pocketing ingredient, and reenforcing elements.

8. Preformed construction units comprising a homogeneous composition of bituminous substance of cellular structure and an earthy material, said earthy material being contained within the cellular structure to prevent adhesion of the cell walls.

9. Preformed construction units, compris-f ing a homogeneous composition of bituminous compound, an air-pocketin ingredient, and reenforeing elements, sai units having an imperforated wall covering.

10. Preformed construction units comprising a homogeneous composition of bituminous substance of cellular structure, an earthy material toprevent adhesion of thecell walls and an imperforate wall covering.

11. Preformed expansion joint strips, compr smga homogeneo is composltion of bituminous compound, an air-pocketing ingredient, and reenforcing elements.

12. Preformed expansion joint strips, comprising a homogeneous composition of bituminous substance of cellular structure and an earthy ingredient which separates the cell walls of the cellular structure.

Signed at Petoskey, Mich, this 23rd day of Aug., 1926.

ALBERT G. FISCHER.

preformed 

